Research Journal of Language and Literature (RJLL)

Evaluating Shakespearean Macbeth & Othello through the Lens of Sara Mills' Feminist Stylistics Model

Sameen Junaid — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyse Shakespearean tragedies, Macbeth and Othello, in accordance with the feminist stylistic framework proposed by Sara Mills in her book Feminist Stylistics. By drawing on the paradigm of feminist linguistics proposed by Mills, this research attempts to delineate the gendered implications of language employed by Shakespeare in Othello and Macbeth, thereby highlighting how the language of these plays both reasserts and contradicts patriarchal notions and gender hierarchies. The principal focus is on the linguistic utterances and the speech acts of the two pivotal female characters from both texts - Lady Macbeth and Desdemona. Through a lexical, syntactic and discourse analysis of the speech acts of these two primary female characters, this study reveals that gendered beliefs are embedded within the semantic structure of the aforementioned Shakespearean tragedies. By examining the linguistic passivity of Desdemona and the rhetorical authority of Lady Macbeth within the context of the Elizabethan era, this research posits that both language and gendered framework are rooted in the sociohistorical and sociocultural ideologies of the society in which the text is produced. Building upon the frameworks of discourse analysis and feminist criticism, this study offers a nuanced perspective of the politics of language and the linguistic representation of gender evident in Macbeth and Othello.

A Study to Analyse the Inaccuracies in ChatGPT- Powered Responses to User Queries

Mariya Javed — 2025-12-31

This paper examines the inaccuracies of ChatGPT in responding to user queries and analyses the inaccuracies associated with different contexts. Conversational AI tools such as ChatGPT have transformed human interaction with technology to create a seamless and real-time replying mechanism to diverse queries. However, despite their abilities, such tools are not free of errors. The paper aims to examine the nature, frequency, and causes of ChatGPT generated responses to user queries by using a quantitative approach. A mixed sample of queries from the teachers of the Virtual University of Pakistan was collected. A structured frequency distribution was created to categorize error types. Data was analysed using descriptive methods, and statistical tools were applied to determine overall error rates and distributions across categories. The findings of this research demonstrate significant inaccuracies in ChatGPT responses in particular domains. The results highlight prevalent error patterns and their effects on user experience and confidence in AI technologies. This paper concludes with recommendations on how the accuracy of ChatGPT responses can be improved by emphasizing the need for model-enhanced training methodologies and refinement.

Reconstructing Blackness in Select Jamaican Theatre through Modern Blackness

Aena Khalid — 2025-12-31

This study aims to investigate the ways in which select Jamaican theatre acts actively to reinterpret and redefine notions of Blackness in 3 Jamaican Plays: A Postcolonial Anthology. The objective of this study is to examine the role of Modern Blackness expressions like Jonkonnu, Dancehall, Ghetto Feminism, and Creolized language in shaping the Jamaican theater in contemporary era through resistance and redefining cultural identity. Deborah A. Thomas's idea of "Modern Blackness," in Modern Blackness: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Politics of Culture in Jamaica, serves as the theoretical foundation for this qualitative study. The study proposes that these theatrical strategies will show how Blackness is actively re-imagined and enacted in different settings, transcending traditional outlooks. By providing fresh perspectives on the plays of select Jamaican playwrights and their vital significance in advancing an in-depth knowledge of Blackness and cultural resistance to historical legacies. The findings are anticipated to declare that these contemporary cultural expressions revolutionize select Jamaican theater.

Reconstructing Self in Diasporic Narratives: A Transnational Identity Reading of Aamer Hussain’s “The Girl From Seoul”

Faizullah Malik Faizullah — 2025-12-31

In the modern globalized society, the issue of identity and belonging has been of central concern in literary and cultural studies. However, there is a lack of studies that consider the short story by Aamer Hussain, as an act of identity in the form of a fluid and transnational identity. In this paper, Transnational Identity Theory is used to observe the re-construction of identity in "The Girl from Seoul by Hussain". The research explores the manner in which the identity of the protagonist is formed in the context of cultural displacement, emotional negotiation, and creativity in a variety of spaces with the help of Thematic Analysis. The study seeks to demonstrate how identity is defined and redefined through adaptation, memory and self-reinvention in the context of transnational settings. The results imply that Hussain renders identity as being elastic, multifaceted and psychologically complex -that goes beyond geographic boundaries and into emotional and imagination domains.

Racial Oppression and Class Conflict: Leninism as a Tool to Evaluate the Deposition of Radical Authoritarianism in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help (2009)

Maryum Tariq — 2025-12-31

This research analyzes Katheryn Stockett’s The Help (2009) with the main focus on the presentation of the pervasive problem of racism and class distinction experience by African Americans in the United States. Specifically, it demonstrates shameful, humiliating and unbearable living condition of black maids in the 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi. It discusses different type of racial discrimination and class distinctions, such as overt, institutional, and structural, which occur in this community. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the history of Leninism in the United States. The purpose of this research is to examine the history of Leninism in the United States, which sheds light on the problem of white supremacy, as well as the deposition of the radical authoritarian. It will also explore the change that occurs as a result of the oppression.

Metamorphosis through Pain: The Quest for Belonging in the Works of Anna Molka Ahmed

Rushda Saeed — 2025-12-31

This research examines the intricacies associated with displacement, cultural identity, and a sense of belonging in the works of Anna Molka Ahmed - a Pakistani artist. Her artwork depicts a painful cultural oscillation between her native land (London) and the adopted one (Lahore). By incorporating semiotic analysis with Bhabha’s postcolonial theory of third space, this research establishes art as a third realm for an artist. Moreover, Ahmed’s dual journey of place and self, depicts a metamorphosis that is mirrored throughout her artwork through an adept use of color and symbolism. This research investigates how Ahmed, as an immigrant, challenges patriarchal norms and colonial compartmentalisation through meticulously created artwork that mirrors her assertive voice. Her artwork is analysed as a transient space for a hybrid where she transmutes her alienation into a creative sense of belonging, thereby emphasising that for Ahmed, art was both self-defining and transformative. This assimilation of a diasporic hybrid’s identity within the foreign land is portrayed as a progressive and intentionally constructed discourse, and is revealed through an in-depth analysis of Ahmed’s paintings. Thus, this research presents a radical reinterpretation of Ahmed’s hybrid identity and search for a home through her art rather than through her territorial affiliation.